四级翻译总结笔记第一章 翻译选词原则翻译中常遇到中国历史文化相关内容若对题材生疏或遇到不会写的单词可采用以下三种方法解决。方法一用会的单词解释词义当遇到不会写的文化类、专有类单词时用已掌握的单词对其含义进行解释说明。示例京杭大运河 The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal → 一条从北京到杭州的河 a river from Beijing to Hangzhou牡丹国色天香 the peony—a national beauty with celestial fragrance → 牡丹是中国最美的花。Peony is the most beautiful flower in China.感恩节 the Thanksgiving Day → 表达我们感激的一天 a day to show our appreciation/thanks月饼 moon cake → 一种圆的、甜的食物 a round and sweet food守门员 goalkeeper → 站在球门前的那个人 the man who is standing in front of the gate方法二用上位词代替用上位词即概念上外延更广的主题词替代具体生词。示例大运河 the Grand Canal → a river守门员 goalkeeper → a sportsman/man考古学家 many archaeologists → many experts火锅 hot pot → something商业大都市 metropolitan → big cities月饼 moon cake → pie指南针 compass → a tool方法三用同义词/近义词代替用同义词或近义词替代原词简化表达。示例古文明 ancient civilization → old cultures第二章 翻译步骤翻译可遵循“阅读—确定主干—理清逻辑”的思路进行具体分为三步。第一步以意群为单位读句子以意群为单位阅读句子确定句子的时态和语态。客观事实、常识类内容使用一般现在时过去发生的动作、事件使用一般过去时从过去持续到现在的动作或影响使用现在完成时被动含义使用被动语态。第二步确定句子主干以意群为单位读句确定句子主干即核心的主谓宾结构。非主干部分即定语、状语等修饰成分通过定语或状语的方式翻译。定语可转化为从句、介词短语、分词短语等状语可转化为从句、介词短语、分词短语等。第三步梳理逻辑关系翻译完每句话后斟酌上下句之间的逻辑关系适当添加逻辑关系词。常用逻辑关系词分类因果关系so, therefore, as a result, thus递进关系besides, in addition, also, moreover转折关系but, however, yet强调关系in fact, actually, indeed典型例题解析例题一龙井茶原文龙井(Longjing)是一种绿茶主要产自中国东部沿海的浙江省。龙井茶独特的香味和口感为其赢得了“中国名茶”的称号在中国深受大众的欢迎在海外饮用的人也越来越多。龙井茶通常手工制作其价格可能极其昂贵也可能比较便宜这取决于茶的生长地、采摘时间和制作工艺。龙井茶富含维生素C和其他多种有益健康的元素。经常喝龙井茶有助于减轻疲劳延缓衰老。逐句翻译与解析龙井(Longjing)是一种绿茶主要产自中国东部沿海的浙江省。解析本句为客观描述用一般现在时。主干为“龙井是绿茶”产地用非限制性定语从句表达。译文Longjing is a type of green tea, which is mainly produced in Zhejiang Province along the eastern coast of China.龙井茶独特的香味和口感为其赢得了“中国名茶”的称号在中国深受大众的欢迎在海外饮用的人也越来越多。解析主干为“龙井赢得称号”香味与口感为原因状语受欢迎用分词短语表达伴随状态。译文With its unique aroma and taste, Longjing tea gets a title of “China’s Famous Tea”, enjoying great popularity at home and also overseas.龙井茶通常手工制作其价格可能极其昂贵也可能比较便宜这取决于茶的生长地、采摘时间和制作工艺。解析客观描述手工制作为被动语态价格差异用which引导定语从句补充原因。译文In fact, Longjing tea is usually made by hand. It can be extremely expensive or comparatively cheap, which depends on its origin, picking time and its craft.龙井茶富含维生素C和其他多种有益健康的元素。解析客观描述用一般现在时添加衔接词besides。译文Besides, Longjing tea contains rich vitamin C and many other beneficial elements.经常喝龙井茶有助于减轻疲劳延缓衰老。解析客观描述用一般现在时表达因果关系用as a result。译文As a result, Longjing tea helps relieve fatigue and delay the aging process if one drinks it regularly.例题二大运河原文大运河(Grand Canal)是世界上最长的人工河北起北京南至杭州。它是中国历史上最宏伟的工程之一。大运河始建于公元前4世纪公元13世纪末建成。修建之初是为了运输粮食后来也用于运输其他商品。大运河沿线区域逐渐发展成为中国的工商业中心。长久以来大运河对中国经济发展发挥了重要作用有力地促进了南北地区之间的人员往来和文化交流。逐句翻译与解析大运河(Grand Canal)是世界上最长的人工河北起北京南至杭州。解析客观描述用一般现在时最长用最高级起止点用非限制性定语从句。译文The Grand Canal is the longest man-made river in the world, which is from Beijing in the north to Hangzhou in the south.它是中国历史上最宏伟的工程之一。大运河始建于公元前4世纪公元13世纪末建成。解析历史事件用一般过去时添加besides衔接递进关系。译文It is one of the greatest projects in Chinese history. Besides, it was constructed in the 4th century BC and was completed at the end of the 13th century.修建之初是为了运输粮食后来也用于运输其他商品。解析过去动作用一般过去时补充主语it。译文Originally, it was to transport grains, and later was used to carry other commodities.大运河沿线区域逐渐发展成为中国的工商业中心。解析从过去到现在的影响用现在完成时。译文The areas along the Grand Canal have gradually developed into the center of industry and commerce in China.长久以来大运河对中国经济发展发挥了重要作用有力地促进了南北地区之间的人员往来和文化交流。解析持续影响用现在完成时促进作分词短语表达伴随。译文For a long time, it has played a key role in the economic development of China, promoting the personal exchange and cultural communication between the north and the south greatly.总结翻译选词原则用会的单词解释意思用上位词即概念上外延更广的主题词代替用同义词或近义词代替。翻译核心步骤以意群为单位读句确定时态和语态以意群为单位读句确定句子主干非主干部分通过定语或状语的方式翻译翻译完每句话要斟酌上下句之间的逻辑关系适当添加逻辑关系词。